So we have a puzzle. The Fourth Gospel is a fractured text: seismic seams, literary lacunae, and editorial traces are abundantly evident. The phenomenon cannot be lightly dismissed, and interpreters must be aware of it as they move through the text. Awareness may help Bible students understand rough passages such as 14:31 and 16:5 and signs of textual tensions that suggest development. But the exegete’s task is best served when we study the text as we have it. A long tradition of commentaries represented
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